Measurement and density

 

 


 

Measurement and density

 

The following text is used only for teaching, research, scholarship, educational use and informative purpose following the fair use principles.

We thank the authors of the texts and the source web site that give us the opportunity to share their knowledge

Physics

 

Measurement and density

 

Syllabus

OP1    Measure length, mass, time and temperature (SI units); perform simple calculations based on these to    find the derived quantities: area, volume, density.
Understand that units of measurement follow the SI system.

OP2    Measure mass and volume of a variety of solids and liquids and hence determine their densities.

OP3    Investigate flotation for a variety of solids and liquids in water and other liquids, and relate the results of this investigation to their densities.

 

Student Notes

 

There are literally hundreds of different units for some quantities like length and mass.
How different units of length can you think of?
It is important for scientists that everybody is using the same units.
Can you say why?

 

Scientists use units called S.I. Units
S.I. stands for Système International d'unités ; it is in french because it was the French who first promoted this system (you don’t need to know this).
What do you think Système International d'unités means ?

 

Length

Mass

Time

Temperature

Area

Volume

Speed

S.I. units

metres

Kilograms

seconds

Degrees Celsius

Metres squared

Metres cubed

metres per second

Symbol

m

kg

s

0C

m2

m3

m/s

Equipment

Metre stick,

Electronic balance

Clock, stopwatch

Thermometer

 

 

 

 

Other commonly-used instruments

Callipers

Newton-meter

Opisometer

 

measurement and density

 

measurement and density

measurement and density

A callipers is used to measure the diameter of a cylinder

A newton-meter is used to measure force (or weight)

An opisometer is used to measure the length of a curved line

.

Area of a regular object = length × width

 

Volume of a regular object = length × width × height

  

 

 


Instruments used to measure the volume of a liquid
1. Graduated cylinder
2. Pipette
3. Burette

Density

 

measurement and density 



To measure density we simply use the following formula:

 

measurement and density

  

 


The unit of density is the kg/m3 (pronounced “kilogram per metre cubed”) or g/cm3

 

 

Density and Flotation

An object will float in a liquid if the density of the solid is less than the density of the liquid
e.g. plastics will float on water (or even iron cannonballs on mercury – see the YouTube clip).
A less dense liquid will float on top of a more dense liquid
e.g. oil will float on water.

 

Other commonly-used units:
Mass: grams (g)
Area: centimetres squared (cm2)
Volume: centimetres cubed (cm3)
1 litre = 1000 cm3

 

 

Experiments:
Measure mass and volume of a variety of solids and liquids and hence determine their densities.

  • To measure the density of a regularly-shaped block
  • To measure the density of an irregularly-shaped small stone
  • To measure the density of an irregularly-shaped large stone
  • To measure the density of a liquid

Summary of all the experiments

measurement and density
In each case to calculate the density we simply use the formula:

 

 

 

measurement and density
To measure the density of a regularly-shaped block
To find the mass - weigh it on an electronic balance.

To find the volume:
Volume = length × width × height
In this case the volume is 5 × 2 × 1 = 10 cm3.
measurement and density

 

To measure the density of an irregularly-shaped small stone
To find the mass - weigh it on an electronic balance.

To find the volume:
Drop the stone into a graduated cylinder containing water and note the new volume.
To get the volume of the stone simply subtract the two readings.
In this case the volume = 90 – 75 = 15 cm3.

 

 

 

 

 

 

measurement and densityTo measure the density of an irregularly-shaped large stone
To find the mass - weigh it on an electronic balance.

To find the volume:
Fill an overflow can up to the top and place an empty graduated cylinder under the spout.
Carefully drop the stone in (using a string so there is no splash).
Note the level of water in the overflow can.

 

 

 

measurement and density
To measure the density of a liquid
To find the mass:
Weigh an empty graduated cylinder, and then weigh the graduated cylinder after pouring water into it.
Then subtract the two readings.

To find the volume simply note the level of water in the graduated cylinder.


Exam Questions: Measurement and Units

  • measurement and density[2006 OL]

Find the area of the rectangle drawn on the right using the measurements given.
In what unit is the area measured?

m

kg

s

  •  [2010 OL]
  • Which of the following is the unit used to measure mass?
  • Which of the following is the unit used to measure time?

 

 

 

  • measurement and density[2007 OL] measurement and density[2007]
  • What is the name the piece of equipment shown on the right?
  • Name a second item of laboratory equipment which enables more accurate measurements of volume to be made.

 

  • [2006 OL] [2009 OL]
    • The diagram shows a piece of equipment, labelled A, containing water. Name A.
    • A stone was then added and a new volume was recorded as shown in B.

What was the volume of the stone in cm3?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


measurement and density

  • [2008 OL]

measurement and densityName and give one use for the piece of equipment shown in the diagram.

  • [2008 OL, 2006 OL]
  • Name the piece of equipment drawn on the right.
  • Give one use for this piece of equipment.

 

 

 

 

 

  • [2008]
  • Give one safety precaution taken by the pupil, shown in the photograph, while doing an experiment in a school laboratory.
  • Describe a precaution, not shown in the photograph that you would take when heating a substance in a test tube in a school laboratory.

 

 

 

 

 

 

measurement and density

 

 

  • [2009]

Name any two items of laboratory equipment shown in the diagram.

 


Density

  • [2008 OL]

MASS
VOLUME

  • Complete the equation in the box below using the words on the right.

Density =

  • If the mass of a stone is 20 g and the volume of the stone is 10 cm3, find the density of the stone.

 

measurement and density

  •  [2007 OL]

A block of metal has the measurements shown on the right.
The mass of the metal block is 21 g.

  • Calculate the volume of the block.
  • Calculate the density of the block.

 

 

measurement and density

  • [2009 OL]

The mass of a metal block is 14.7 g. It has a volume of 7 cm3.

  • Name the instrument you would use in the laboratory to find the mass of the block.
  • Calculate the density of the block.
  • What is the unit of density?

 

 

 

 

  • [2009]

measurement and densityA pupil measured the volume of a potato using the items of laboratory equipment, labelled A and B as shown in the diagram.

  • Name the items labelled A and B.
  • The potato had mass 175 g and volume 125 cm3.

Calculate the density of the potato.
Give the units of density with your answer.

  • Why did the potato sink in the water?
  • [2010]

Why do icebergs float on water?

  • [2007]

Ice floats on water but ice sinks in ethanol (an alcohol).
Use this information to compare the density of ice with

  • the density of water;
  • the density of ethanol.

Exam Solutions

  • 6 × 4 = 24 cm2
  •  
  • kg
  • s
  •  
  • Graduated cylinder
  • Second item: burette/ pipette
  •  
  • Graduated cylinder
  • 90 – 75 = 15 cm3
  • 15 cm3
  • Thermometer; it is used to measure temperature
  •  
  • Tripod  
  • To hold (support) objects (when heating) 
  •  
  • Wearing goggles/ looking through wall (side) of test tube/ tube in holder/ apparatus in centre of bench
  • Point tube away/ add boiling chips to a liquid/ use small amounts/ lab coat/ heat gently/ screen/ gloves/ tie hair back…
  • Bunsen burner/ tripod/ pipe clay triangle/ crucible/ tubing/ evaporating dish
  •  
  • Density = Mass / Volume
  • Density = 20 /10= 2 g/cm3
  •   
  • 10 cm3  
  • 2.1 g cm-3
  •  
  • Electronic balance / weighing scales
  • Density = 14.7÷7 = 2.1
  • Unit = g/cm3
  •  
  • Item A is an overflow can

Item B is a graduated cylinder

  •  Density = 175/125 = 1.4  g/cm3
  • Because it is denser than water
  • They have a lower density than water.
  •  
  • Ice is less dense than water
  • Ice is more dense than ethanol

Extra Questions: Measurement and units

  • What is the unit of (i) Length, (ii) Time, (iii) Mass, (iv) Area, (v) Volume?

 

  • What is an opisometer used for?
  • Name two instruments used to measure mass.

 

 

Extra Questions: Density

  • What is meant by the term ‘density’?
  • Draw a diagram of the apparatus used to measure the density of a regularly-shaped object.

 

  • Draw a diagram of the apparatus used to measure the density of an irregular-shaped object.
  • Draw a diagram of the apparatus used to measure the density of a liquid.

 

  • A stone has a mass of 120 g and a volume of 20 cm3, what is the density of the stone?
  • What is the density of an object which has a mass of 20 kg and whose volume is 4 m3?

 

A student measured the density  of a number of substances. The results are shown in the table below. Identify two substances that would float in paraffin oil.

 

Substance

Density (g/cm3)

Cork

0.3

Polystyrene

0.03

Water

1.0

Paraffin Oil

0.7

Rubber

1.1

 

 

 

Source : http://www.thephysicsteacher.ie/JC%20Science/JC%20Physics/Student%20Notes/1.%20Measurement%20and%20density.doc

Web site link: http://www.thephysicsteacher.ie

Author : not indicated on the source document of the above text

If you are the author of the text above and you not agree to share your knowledge for teaching, research, scholarship (for fair use as indicated in the United States copyrigh low) please send us an e-mail and we will remove your text quickly.

 

Measurement and density

 

 

Measurement and density

 

Main page

 

link
Alimentation - nutrition
link
Animals
link
Architecture
link
Art
link
Astrology, esoteric, parapsychology and fantasy
link
Astronomy
link
Biology and genetics
link
Botany and agriculture
link
Chemistry
link
Courses, training, guides, handbooks and tips
link
Culture General and actuality
link
Dermatology, health and wellness
link
Dictionaries and glossaries
link
Economics and finance
link
Education and pediatrics
link
Engineering and technology
link
English grammar and anthology
link
Fashion and show business
link
Fitness
link
Food, recipes and drink
link
Games, play space
link
Geography, geology and environment
link
History
link
Informatics and computer world
link
Jobs world
link
Languages
link
Leisure and DIY do it yourself
link
Lessons for students
link
Literature, biographies and journalism
link
Mathematics, geometry and statistical
link
Medicine
link
Music
link
Notes and concept maps
link
Philosophy
link
Photography and images - pictures
link
Physics
link
Physiology
link
Psychology and psychoanalysis
link
Quiz questions and answers
link
Religions
link
Rights law and political science
link
Science
link
Sociology and cultural anthropology
link
Sport
link
Summaries and reviews
link
Television, film - movies and comics
link
Theater and communications
link
Theses, themes and dissertations
link
Travel and tourist guides
link
Useful documents and tables
link
Utility, calculators and converters
link
Weather and meteorology

 

 

 

Measurement and density

 

This is the right place where find the answers to your questions like :

Who ? What ? When ? Where ? Why ? Which ? How ? What does Measurement and density mean ? Which is the meaning of Measurement and density?

 


 

 

 

Measurement and density physics notes

 


 

 

 

Alanpedia.com from 1998 year by year new sites and innovations

Main page - Disclaimer - Contact us